AERONAUTICAL LECTURING NOTES

What is meant by I.C. engine? In this type of engine, combustion of fuel takes place within the cylinder. This type of engine includes gas engine, petrol engines and diesel engines. These are generally used for road vehicles, locomotives, and aircraft and for other industrial applications. Write the classification of I.C. engines. Based on ignition: Spark ignition Compression ignition Based on fuel: Petrol engine Diesel engine Based on cooling system: Air cooled   Water cooled  What is reciprocating engine?  An engine in which reciprocating motion of piston creates mechanical    energy, necessary to do a work.    What are the types of fuel ignition in reciprocating engine?    Spark ignition- Uses a spark plug to ignite fuel   Compression ignition- Compression will be done excessively so that when       fuel enters it can automatically ignite.     Note: Whenever we do compr...

Write down all type of power plants that are being used in aircrafts? Reciprocating engines Gas turbine engine Ramjet engine Scramjet engine What are the types of gas turbine engines? Turbo jet Turbo prop Tubo fan Turbo shaft Which gas turbine engine is fuel efficient? Turbo fan What are the components of Turbojet engine? Inlet Compressor Combustion chamber Tubine Nozzle Exhaust  Write the advantages of gas turbine power plants. The capital cost of plant is low. This can be quickly commissioned. It requires less space. Capacity to use wide variety of fuels Write the disadvantages of gas turbine power plants About two third of the power developed by the turbine is used to drive the compressor. Hence net output of plant is low. Low efficiency Needs special cooling arrangements Operating temperature is high of the order of 20000C.

What is Newtons second law and how it matches with Aircraft Engine? If some mass ‘M” is accelerated, then a force presents. Same way the mass of fuel air mixture is accelerated by a chemical reaction thus creates exhaust force. What is Newtons third law and how it matches with Aircraft Engine? For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.  The exhaust force created is also having equal and opposite reaction called Thrust which is always in the direction of flight. What is a propeller? And how it functions? A propeller is simply a rotating aerofoil. It provides thrust in the same way as how an aerofoil mounted on wing generates lift. To know how a wing generates lift click here . When propeller rotates, the hub has to cover a least circular path whereas the tip has to travel a large circular path; in the same time. So propeller tip will be experiencing high speed than hub; that means from hub to tip speed is increasing. Suppose if we want to hav...